![]() But they can also be found in parts of the nervous system that help the nose and ear function. These types of neurons are mostly found in the retina of the eye. At the end of one side is the axon, and the dendrites are on the other side. Bipolar neurons have two extensions extending from the cell body. Usually only found in invertebrate species, these neurons have a single axon. This is the most common form of neuron in the central nervous system. These neurons have a single axon and symmetrical dendrites that extend from it. Each combines several elements of the basic neuron shape. However, there are five major neuron forms. Given the sheer number of neurons, there are thousands of different types, much like there are thousands of species of living organisms on Earth. Neurons vary in structure, function, and genetic makeup. These cells have highly developed dendritic trees which allow them to receive thousands of signals. For instance, Purkinje cells are a special type of neuron found in a part of the brain called the cerebellum. How many they have generally depends on their role. Neurons can have more than one set of dendrites, known as dendritic trees. Like antennae, dendrites receive and process signals from the axons of other neurons. Dendritesĭendrites are fibrous roots that branch out from the cell body. Myelin helps axons to conduct an electrical signal. Many axons are insulated with a fatty substance called myelin. ![]() It joins the cell body at a specialized junction called the axon hillock. AxonĪn axon is a long, tail-like structure. It’s enclosed by a membrane that both protects it and allows it to interact with its immediate surroundings. ![]() Like other cell bodies, a neuron’s soma contains a nucleus and specialized organelles. The cell body contains genetic information, maintains the neuron’s structure, and provides energy to drive activities. Cell bodyĪlso known as a soma, the cell body is the core section of the neuron. However, nearly all neurons have three essential parts: a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. ![]() Most neurons fire in this way, but not all neurons are the same.Neurons vary in size, shape, and structure depending on their role and location. This movement of a signal down a neuron is called an action potential. Once the electrical current reaches the end of the cell, it causes other chemicals to be released. These movements travel down the axon, like dominoes that have been tipped over. Ions, which are small, charged molecules, move in and out of entrances in the membrane. Then, the electrical nerve signal travels along an axon in a rush of chemistry. ![]() If the combination of neurotransmitters is correct, then they can cause an electrical current to sweep down the nerve cell. Nerve cells communicate with each other using chemicals called neurotransmitters. Nerve signals actually come down to some interesting chemistry. Let's look a bit closer at how this all works. As a final step, the signal leaves through the synapse to be passed along to the next nerve cell. Myelin sheaths cover the axon and work like insulation to help keep the electrical signal inside the cell, which makes it move more quickly. Next, the signal leaves the soma and travels down the axon to the synapse. From there, the signal travels to the main cell body, known as the soma. Neurons receive these signals from neighbor neurons through their dendrites. Other signals are instructions for your organs, glands and muscles. Some of these signals bring information to the brain from outside of your body, such as the things you see, hear, and smell. Neurons pass messages to each other using a special type of electrical signal. From there the message can move to the next neuron. The message then moves through the axon to the other end of the neuron, then to the tips of the axon and then into the space between neurons. Nerve Cell: Dendrites receive messages from other neurons. ![]()
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